Crude oil exists in a number of varieties and blends. The many types of crude oil are graded based on their density and sulfur content, and these factors determine how easily the crude oil can be processed for different purposes. Regarding these two factors, crude oil is often referred to
Energy Infrastructure
Proposed Oil Pipelines in Canada
Enbridge Line 3 Replacement Project Quick Facts/Overview Owner: Enbridge Throughput Capacity: 760,000 bbl./day[i] Start: Hardisty, Alberta End: Superior, Wisconsin Cost The project will cost $5.3B CAD in Canada and $2.9B USD in America.[ii] Existing Pipeline The Enbridge Line 3 began operating in 1968 running from Edmonton, Alberta through to Superior, Wisconsin with a capacity of
Natural Gas Benchmarks
Natural Gas Distribution Hubs A natural gas distribution hub is where natural gas is purchased, received, and distributed. Hubs provide pricing points and locations for spot market transactions and gas trading. They also publish pricing points for gas price transparency. Most distribution hubs are located near storage facilities. The British thermal unit
Global Oil Supply and Inventory Primer
Global Oil Supply Oil supply is driven by OPEC, geopolitics and new technology. Oil demand is driven by consumption (driving, transportation), where China and other Emerging Markets make up a large percentage of incremental growth. Oil and Gas Price Equilibrium Overview The US$ price of oil itself has been in the news lately,
Oil Terminals and Storage Primer
Introduction to Oil Tanker Terminals and Storage Oil terminals or oil batteries are part of the midstream oil and gas space. Storage terminals can hold crude oil, gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum products/refined products and even vegetable oil. They can be held by refineries to be produced later, for speculators looking
Oil and the Canadian Economy
Canada Oil and Gas Industry Primer Energy is one of the most important industries in Canada, as Canada has one of the largest energy resources in the world after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (Venezuelan reserves are widely accepted by energy professionals to be overstated). Energy companies are some of Canada’s largest by market cap
Liberalization of Chinese Markets and Oil
China is the largest and most relevant market for oil as they are widely considered to be the main anchor of demand growth as consumption rises with an increasingly affluent population. China has looked to modernize various sectors controlled by the state, from banking (liberalization of interest rates, regulation for
Energy Infrastructure
Pipelines and Energy Infrastructure Overview and Industry Primer Equities by TradingView { "showChart": true, "locale": "en", "width": "100%", "height": "660", "largeChartUrl": "", "plotLineColorGrowing": "rgba(60, 188, 152, 1)", "plotLineColorFalling": "rgba(255, 74, 104, 1)", "gridLineColor": "rgba(233, 233, 234, 1)", "scaleFontColor": "rgba(218, 221, 224,
